Impact of maternal micronutrient supplementation on pregnancy outcomes in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Poor pregnancy outcomes are still relatively high in developing countries. Deficiency in micronutrients is among the factors that play a role in developing adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the role of micronutrient deficiencies in poor pregnancy outcomes and their association with newborn health. Iron with folic acid showed the strongest and most consistent effect in reducing low birth weight and small for gestational age; however, zinc, vitamin D, and multiple micronutrient supplementation were also associated with modest improvements in fetal growth outcomes.