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An updated and comprehensive understanding of the impact of multiple micronutrient supplementation on cognitive function in children remains elusive. This study aimed to assess the effects of multiple micronutrient supplementation on cognitive function in children under 18. Overall, the meta-analysis suggests that the use of multiple micronutrient supplements in children may result in slight improvements in language and memory domains. However, given the small effect sizes and considerable heterogeneity, the data are insufficient to support the regular intake of multiple micronutrient supplementation for cognitive improvement in children.